Assessing the Impact of Soiling, Tilt Angle, and Solar Radiation on the Performance of Solar PV Systems

This research examined the observed datasets and a theoretically derived model for estimating yearly optimum tilt angle (β), maximum incident solar radiation (Hmax), clean gain indicator (CGI), soiling loss (SLI) at Mumbwa, Zambia, Mediterranean Region, low latitude locations across globe. The cleaned tilted collector emerged as best performing due to Hmax much higher energy gains compared with soiled collector. CGI showed an appreciable performance of 0.4737% over -0.4708% on SLI, indicating that surface photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly depreciates overall PV modules. Two established empirical models obtained from literature were theoretical (β=φ). result revealed two overestimated annual in this paper, simply because developed high location Asia continent. However, newly monthly global (GRI) by authors their previous paper performed excellently selected representative cities region.